Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma (Childhood)


	Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma (Childhood) General Information What is childhood visual pathway glioma? Childhood visual pathway glioma is a type of brain tumor in which cancer (malignant) cells begin to grow in the tissues of the brain. The brain controls memory and learning, the senses (hearing, sight, smell, taste, and touch), and emotion. It also controls other parts of the body, including muscles, organs, and blood vessels. Other than leukemia or lymphoma, brain tumors are the most common type of cancer that occurs in children. Gliomas are a type of astrocytoma, tumors that start in brain cells called astrocytes. A visual pathway glioma occurs along the nerve that sends messages from the eye to the brain (the optic nerve). Visual pathway gliomas are visual pathway tumors. They may grow rapidly or slowly, depending on the grade of the tumor. This summary covers tumors that start in the brain (primary brain tumors). Often cancer found in the brain has started somewhere else in the body and has spread (metastasized) to the brain. This is called brain metastasis (Refer to Adult Brain Tumor Treatment for more informaiton). Like most cancer, childhood brain tumor is best treated when it is found (diagnosed) early. If your child has symptoms, the doctor may order a computed tomographic (CT) scan, a special x-ray that uses a computer to make a picture of your child's brain. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, which uses magnetic waves to make a picture of your child's brain, may also be done. Often, surgery is required to see whether there is a brain tumor and to tell what type of tumor it is. The doctor may cut out a piece of tissue from the brain and look at it under a microscope. This is called a biopsy. There are many types of brain tumors in children and the chance of recovery (prognosis) depends on the type of tumor, where it is located within the brain, and your child's age and general health. Stage Information Once childhood visual pathway glioma is found, more tests will be done to find out the type of tumor. If a biopsy specimen is taken, the cancer cells will be looked at carefully under a microscope to see how different they are from the normal cells. This will determine the histologic grade of the tumor. Your child's doctor needs to know the type and grade of tumor in order to plan treatment. There is no staging for childhood visual pathway glioma. The treatment depends on whether or not your child has received treatment. Untreated childhood visual pathway glioma Untreated childhood visual pathway glioma means that no treatment has been given except to treat symptoms. Recurrent visual pathway glioma Recurrent disease means that the cancer has come back (recurred) after it has been treated. It may come back in the brain or in the head or spinal area. Treatment Option Overview There are treatments for all children with visual pathway gliomas. Three kinds of treatment are used: -surgery (taking out the cancer in an operation) -radiation therapy (using high-dose x-rays to kill cancer cells) -chemotherapy (using drugs to kill cancer cells). Experienced doctors working together can often give the best treatment for children with visual pathway glioma. Your child's treatment will often be coordinated by a pediatric oncologist, a doctor who specializes in cancer in children. The pediatric oncologist may refer you to other doctors, such as a pediatric neurosurgeon (a specialist in childhood brain surgery), a pediatric neurologist, a psychologist, a radiation oncologist, and other doctors who specialize in the type of treatment your child requires. Surgery is one treatment for visual pathway glioma. Depending on where the cancer is and the type of cancer, your child's doctor may remove as much of the tumor as possible. If the tumor cannot be totally removed, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be given. If the cancer is in a place where it cannot be removed, surgery may be limited to a biopsy of the cancer. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy for childhood brain tumors usually comes from a machine outside the body (external radiation therapy). The use of radiation put into the brain through thin plastic tubes (internal radiation therapy) is under study. For some types of brain tumors, clinical trials are evaluating radiation therapy given in several small doses per day (hyperfractionated radiation therapy). Radiation therapy can affect growth and brain development, so clinical trials are testing ways to decrease or delay radiation therapy, especially for younger children. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy may be taken by pill, or it may be put into the body by a needle in a vein or muscle. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drug enters the bloodstream, travels through the body, and can kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy is being studied to delay the use of radiation therapy in some patients. Clinical trials are studying different chemotherapy drugs for visual pathway gliomas. Treatment By Type Treatment for childhood visual pathway glioma depends on the type and stage of the disease and your child's age and overall health. Your child may receive treatment that is considered standard based on its effectiveness in a number of patients in past studies, or you may choose to have your child go into a clinical trial. Not all patients are cured with standard therapy and some standard treatments may have more side effects than are desired. For these reasons, clinical trials are designed to test new treatments and to find better ways to treat cancer patients. Clinical trials are going on in most parts of the country for childhood visual pathway glioma. If you want more information, call the Cancer Information Service at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237); TTY at 1-800-332-8615. Untreated Childhood Visual Pathway Glioma Your child's treatment may be one of the following: 1. For patients without symptoms or progression, observation without treatment. 2. Surgery. 3. Radiation therapy. 4. Chemotherapy. 5. Clinical trials evaluating chemotherapy to shrink the tumor and delay radiation therapy. Recurrent Childhood Visual Pathway Glioma Treatment for recurrent disease depends on the type of tumor, whether the tumor comes back in the same place or in another part of the brain, and the treatment that was given before. If possible, the tumor may be removed during surgery. Radiation therapy may be given, especially if it was not given before. Chemotherapy may be used, and clinical trials are evaluating new chemotherapy drugs. You may wish to consider having your child treated with new methods on a clinical trial. The information on this page was obtained from the National Cancer Institute. The National Cancer Institute provides accurate, up-to-date information on many types of cancer, information on clinical trials, resources for people dealing with cancer, and information for researchers and health professionals. The National Cancer Institute is in no way affiliated with the Mary Stolfa Cancer Foundation. The information on this web site is provided for general information only. It is not intended as medical advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultations with qualified health professionals who are familiar with your individual medical needs. The MSCF disclaims all obligations and liabilities for damages arising from the use or attempted use of the information, including but not limited to direct, indirect, special, and consequential damages, attorneys' and experts' fees and court costs. Any use of the information will be at the risk of the user. \| Information on Specific Cancers (N-Z) \| \| Return Home \| Fundraisers \| Donations \| Wall of Honor \| Stories of Hope \| Information on Specific Cancers (A-M) \| Cancer Issues \| Contact Us \| Site Index \|